Mexican centenary and bicentenary 5 peso coins

Centenary and bicentenary 5 peso coins
Coin series
An incomplete collection
General information
Country	Mexico
Value	$5.00
Number	37
Years	2008–2010
Measurements and composition
Mass	7.07 g
Diameter	26 mm
Thickness	2 mm
Composition	bimetallic: aluminum-bronze center, stainless steel ring
Appearance
Shape	round
Alignment	coin
Edge	plain
Obverse	Coat of arms of Mexico, state title
Reverse	Patriot or revolutionary, value, year
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The Mexican centenary and bicentenary 5 peso coins make up a series of commemorative coins issued by the United Mexican States from 2008 to 2010 in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821) and the 100th anniversary of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). A total of 37 pieces were coined, each in honor of a different person.

Coins

Reverse

Each of the coins is bimetallic, bearing a center composed of an aluminum-bronze alloy and a ring made of stainless steel. The coins have a mass of 7.07 grams, a diameter of 26 millimeters, and a thickness of 2 millimeters. They have coin alignment and a plain edge, and like most coins, are round in shape. Featured in the aluminum-bronze center of the obverse are the primary features of the coat of arms of Mexico – which consists of a left-facing Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) perched on a prickly pear cactus (Opuntia) while devouring a snake (Serpentes). At the bottom of the arms, which is engraved in the stainless steel outer ring, are oak (Quercus) and laurel branches tied together by a ribbon. Printed along the upper rim of the coin, in the outer ring, is the Spanish state title of Mexico, "ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS" (English: "United Mexican States"), which commences in an upwards direction at the left periphery, arches downward at the top of the piece, and concludes at the right rim. Depending on whether the coin was issued for the centenary of the Revolution or the bicentenary of independence, either a patriot or a revolutionary is displayed in the middle of the reverse. On a majority of the pieces (23), the value "$5" is inscribed to the left of the commemorated person's likeness, while the "Mo" mint mark of the Mexican Mint and the year of minting are struck to the right of the image. However, a significant number (13) are oriented with the year and mint mark on the left and the value on the right. The only exception to both orientations is the 2008 coin of Pancho Villa (1878–1923), which shows the value and year above his image and the mint mark to the left. On all of the pieces, a caption is arched around the boundary of the aluminum-bronze center. Coins commemorating the Mexican Revolution bear the text "CENTENARIO DE LA REVOLUCIÓN" (English: "Centenary of the Revolution") along the upper rim, whereas those celebrating Mexican independence feature the legend "BICENTENARIO DE LA INDEPENDENCIA" (English: "Bicentenary of Independence"). Both inscriptions begin upwards at the left periphery, arch downward at the top of the coin, and conclude at the piece's right boundary. "MÉXICO 2010" is printed at the very bottom of the obverse, separated from the legend above it by two bullet points.

2008

The first thirteen coins of the series were issued in 2008; of them, seven commemorate individuals related to the Mexican War of Independence and six celebrate people of the Mexican Revolution. The patriots featured include Carlos María de Bustamante (1774–1848), a notable participant in the War of Independence; Hermenegildo Galeana (1762–1814), a hero and lieutenant of the war; Mariana Matamoros (1770–1814), a Catholic priest and rebel lieutenant general; Francisco Javier Mina (1789–1817), a Spanish-born lawyer and army officer who, opposed to the absolute rule of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), aided insurgent forces in the War of Independence; Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos (1760–1808), a lawyer and politician who openly supported Mexican independence and was later executed for his statements against the King; Miguel Ramos Arizpe (1775–1843), a Mexican politician who was imprisoned for opposing the absolutist rule of Ferdinand and later served as a justice minister in independent Mexico; and Ignacio López Rayón (1773–1832), a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. Revolutionaries commemorated include Ricardo Flores Magón (1874–1922), a reform activist who fought against the government; Heriberto Jara Corona (1879–1968), a revolutionary who served as the Governor of Veracruz and helped draft the 1917 Mexican Constitution; Francisco J. Múgica (1884–1954), a famous revolutionary and Governor of Tabasco and Michoacán; Álvaro Obregón (1880–1928), a revolutionary who would eventually serve as President of Mexico; José Vasconcelos (1882–1959), a politician who opposed the regime of Victoriano Huerta (1850–1916); and Pancho Villa (1878–1923), the general of the revolutionary Villistas.

2008 coins
Image	Person information		Coin information
	Name	Conflict	Caption	Mintage
	Carlos María de Bustamante	Mexican Independence	"CARLOS MARÍA DE BUSTAMENTE"	9,941,302
	Ricardo Flores Magón	Mexican Revolution	"RICARDO FLORES MAGÓNE"	9,940,278
	Hermenegildo Galeana	Mexican Independence	"HERMENEGILDO GALEANA"	9,935,901
	Heriberto Jara Corona	Mexican Revolution	"HERIBERTO JARA"	9,936,333
	Mariano Matamoros	Mexican Independence	"MARIANO MATAMOROS"	9,947,802
	Francisco Javier Mina	Mexican Independence	"FRANCISCO XAVIER MINA"	9,914,938
	Francisco J. Múgica	Mexican Revolution	"FRANCISCO J. MÚGICA"	9,926,537
	Álvaro Obregón	Mexican Revolution	"ÁLVARO OBREGÓN"	9,948,722
	Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos	Mexican Independence	"FRANCISCO PRIMO DE VERDAD Y RAMOS"	9,937,000
	Miguel Ramos Arizpe	Mexican Independence	"MIGUEL RAMOS ARIZPE"	9,927,433
	Ignacio López Rayón	Mexican Independence	"IGNACIO LÓPEZ RAYÓN"	9,934,397
	José Vasconcelos	Mexican Revolution	"JOSÉ VASCONCELOS"	9,939,839
	Pancho Villa	Mexican Revolution	"FRANCISCO VILLA"	9,917,084

2009

In 2009, another thirteen coins were produced, six commemorating the Mexican War of Independence and seven celebrating the Mexican Revolution. Patriots depicted on the coins of this year include Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854), a famous combatant in the War of Independence and a later President of Mexico; José María Cos (c. 1770–1819), a well-known insurgent; Agustín de Iturbide (1783–1824), a general who later became the sole monarch of the First Mexican Empire; Servando Teresa de Mier (1765–1827), an advocate and insurgent for Mexican independence; Pedro Moreno (1775–1817), an insurgent who rallied against Spanish rule in Mexico; and Leona Vicario (1789–1842), a supporter of Mexican independence who provided rebels with intelligence and money during the war. The revolutionary leaders commemorated on the coins are Luis Cabrera Lobato (1876–1954), a politician and writer who opposed the regime of President Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915); Belisario Domínguez (1863–1913), a politician who spoke out against Victoriano Huerta and was subsequently executed for expressing his sentiments; Eulalio Gutiérrez (1881–1939), a combatant in the Mexican Revolution and short-serving President of Mexico; Filomeno Mata (1845–1911), a supporter of the candidacy of Francisco Madero (1873–1913) at the beginning of the revolution; Andrés Molina Enríquez (1865–1940), an author whose influential 1909 novel, Los Grandes Problemas Nacionales (The Great National Problems), was highly critical of the Díaz regime; Otilio Montaño Sánchez (1887–1917), a general of the Liberation Army of the South; and María del Carmen Serdán (1875–1948), a sympathizer for the cause of Francisco Madero.

2009 coins
Image	Person information		Coin information
	Name	Conflict	Caption	Mintage
	Nicolás Bravo	Mexican Independence	"NICOLÁS BRAVO"	6,930,174
	Luis Cabrera Lobato	Mexican Revolution	"LUIS CABRERA"	6,902,593
	José María Cos	Mexican Independence	"JOSÉ MARÍA COS"	9,935,040
	Belisario Domínguez	Mexican Revolution	"BELISARIO DOMÍNGUEZ"	6,926,606
	Eulalio Gutiérrez	Mexican Revolution	"EULALIO GUTIÉRREZ"	6,908,760
	Agustín de Iturbide	Mexican Independence	"AGUSTÍN DE ITURBIDE"	6,944,222
	Filomeno Mata	Mexican Revolution	"FILOMENO MATA"	9,935,689
	Servando Teresa de Mier	Mexican Independence	"SERVANDO TERESA DE MIER"	6,937,421
	Andrés Molina Enríquez	Mexican Revolution	"ANDRÉS MOLINA ENRÍQUEZ"	6,942,763
	Otilio Montaño Sánchez	Mexican Revolution	"OTILIO MONTAÑO"	6,890,052
	Pedro Moreno	Mexican Independence	"PEDRO MORENO"	6,942,480
	María del Carmen Serdán	Mexican Revolution	"CARMEN SERDÁN"	7,160,841
	Leona Vicario	Mexican Independence	"LEONA VICARIO"	6,937,872

2010

The final eleven centenary and bicentenary 5 peso coins were issued in 2010; of these eleven pieces, six commemorated the War of Independence and five celebrated the Mexican Revolution. The six patriots featured on the 2010 coins are Ignacio Allende (1769–1811), a captain of the Spanish Army who came to sympathize with and join the Mexican independence movement; Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez (1773–1829), a conspirator whose home was the meeting place of Mexican insurgents in the early stages of the war; Vicente Guerrero (1782–1831), a leading rebel general; Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753–1811), a prominent leader of Mexican independence who is today hailed as the "Father of Mexico" for his contributions; José María Morelos (1765–1815), a rebel leader who assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement after the death of Hidalgo; and Guadalupe Victoria (1786–1843), a military officer who became the first President of Mexico following the abdication of Iturbide in 1823. Adelitas, women who served in the Mexican Revolution, are honored on one of the centenary 5 peso coins, as well as Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920), a revolutionary general who opposed the regimes of Díaz and Huerta and eventually became President of Mexico; Francisco Madero (1873–1913), a leader who fought against Díaz and served briefly as President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913; José María Pino Suárez (1869–1913), the Vice President of Mexico under Francisco Madero; and Emiliano Zapata (1879–1919), the founder and leader of the Liberation Army of the South.

2010 coins
Image	Person information		Coin information
	Name	Conflict	Caption	Mintage
	Adelita	Mexican Revolution	"SOLDADERA"	6,936,336
	Ignacio Allende	Mexican Independence	"IGNACIO ALLENDE"	6,939,957
	Venustiano Carranza	Mexican Revolution	"VENUSTIANO CARRANZA"	6,936,993
	Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez	Mexican Independence	"JOSEFA ORTIZ DE DOMÍNGUEZ"	6,396,400
	Vicente Guerrero	Mexican Independence	"VICENTE GUERRERO"	6,929,709
	Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla	Mexican Independence	"MIGUEL HIDALGO Y COSTILLA"	6,932,486
	Francisco Y. Madero	Mexican Revolution	"FRANCISCO I. MADERO"	6,930,998
	José María Morelos	Mexican Independence	"JOSÉ MARÍA MORELOS Y PAVÓN"	6,927,961
	José María Pino Suárez	Mexican Revolution	"JOSÉ MARÍA PINO SUÁREZ"	6,930,255
	Guadalupe Victoria	Mexican Independence	"GUADALUPE VICTORIA"	6,935,638
	Emiliano Zapata	Mexican Revolution	"EMILIANO ZAPATA"	6,921,306

References

• Monedas de 5 pesos mexicanos conmemorativas on the Spanish (español) Wikipedia
• Numista (English) (French)

Template:Mexican 5 peso coin